Monday, 2 May 2016
Wenja Language: gwar "beasts", Part 1
Smarkaka, Winjika! Shaja sama gastiyika daha naykamas. Palhush sam shuta dwa Winja warshtas warhamas. Ma-nu palhu warshtas - ya nashman gwaris, say salwa. U naykamas.
Hello, Wenja friends! Today we'll be starting to do something a bit different. Usually we talk about one or two Wenja words. But now we'll be talking about lots of words - they're all ones that are names of beasts. Let's begin.
Keep in mind that many of these words underwent "irregular" change within Wenja & Izila. This was because some of the words were too long to be appropriate for gameplay. Each irregularity will be discussed.
bikwa 'bee'. From PIE *bʰi-kʷó-, this word is related to Old Irish bech "bee", Welsh begegyr "drone", Old Norse bȳ "bee", Old English bēo "bee" (As in Beo-wulf, "bee-wolf"), and Old Church Slavonic bičela "bee". Perhaps from a root meaning to "strike, attack".
charwa 'deer'. From PIE *ḱerwo- 'horned one', a derivative of *ḱoru 'horn' (cf. Wenja charnga 'horn'). This word is seen most obviously in Latin cervus 'stag', but also in Old English heorot 'stag' (English hart), Old High German hiruz 'stag', Old Norse hrūtr 'ram', and Old Prussian sirwis 'roebuck'. Note also Greek kórudos '(crested) lark' and Avetan srv- 'horn; claw, talon'.
chwan 'dhole; dog'. One of the most famous roots of Indo-European, this word derives from PIE *ḱwon-. Continued by Sanskrit śvan-, Greek kuon (> English cynic 'one who thinks like a dog'), Latin canis (> English canine), Hieroglyphic Luvian zú-wa/i/-ni 'dog', Avestan spā, Russian súka, Lithuanian šuõ 'dog', and English hound.
dang 'yak'. This word was constructed for Primal, originally a compound word with significant reductions: dansu-gawi, literally 'shaggy cow'. The first part dansu means 'thick; hairy, shaggy' is related to our word dense (< Latin), Greek dasús 'thick', and Hittite dassus 'mighty'. The second part comes from PIE *gʷou- 'cow' (with loss of ʷ after the u), continued by Old Irish bó, Latin bōs (> bovine), and English cow.
dantan (tigri) 'sabertooth tiger'. This is another word constructed specifically for Primal. You can see the Wenja word for 'tooth', danti, hidden inside. The sabertooth tiger was the 'toothed tiger'. The PIE word for tooth, *h₁dont- (> Latin dent-, Greek odont-, English tooth), was itself a derivative of the word 'to eat' h₁ed-, as seen in Wenja hada.
faran 'eagle; large bird'. While typically referring to just eagles, this word can also mean any large bird (hence Tensay saying to Takkar: Faranha bandata! "You have united with the owl!") From PIE *h₃or-, this root is seen in Hittite ḫāran-, Gothic ara, Old Irish irar, Russian orël, all which mean 'eagle'. Also the source of Greek órnis 'bird' (> English ornith-ology).
galu 'turtle; tortoise'. From PIE *gʰéluhᵪs, this word is found in Old Church Slavonic žely, Russian žólvi, and Greek khélus, all meaning 'tortoise'
hagwi 'snake; serpent'. From PIE *h₁ógʷhis, continued by Old High German egala 'leech', Greek ékhis 'viper', óphis 'snake', Armenian iž 'snake; viper', Avestan aži- 'snake', Sanskrit áhi- 'snake', and Welsh euod 'sheepworm', euon 'horse worm'.
halchi 'elk, moose'. From PIE *hᵪólḱi-, This word is reconstructable from Latin alcēs, Old Norse elgr, Old English eolh (> elk), Rus losĭ, Wakhi rūš 'wild mountain sheep', and Sanskrit ṛ́śya- 'male antelope'.
hars '(brown) bear' (chawha-hars 'cave bear'). From PIE *h₂ṛtḱo-. We expect sharcha, but reduced to hars for gameplay / linguistic reasons. Seen in Greek árktos (> arctic), Latin ursus (> ursine), Sanskrit ṛ́kṣa-, Hittite ḫartagga- 'bear man', Armenian arǰ, Albanian ari, and Welsh arth > '(King) Arthur'. Likely derived from *h₂retḱos 'destruction' (Sanskrit rákṣas-, remember the Rakshasa from FC4? There's also a word shrachasa in Primal, which means 'demon').
Hello, Wenja friends! Today we'll be starting to do something a bit different. Usually we talk about one or two Wenja words. But now we'll be talking about lots of words - they're all ones that are names of beasts. Let's begin.
Keep in mind that many of these words underwent "irregular" change within Wenja & Izila. This was because some of the words were too long to be appropriate for gameplay. Each irregularity will be discussed.
 |
| bikwa 'bee' |
bikwa 'bee'. From PIE *bʰi-kʷó-, this word is related to Old Irish bech "bee", Welsh begegyr "drone", Old Norse bȳ "bee", Old English bēo "bee" (As in Beo-wulf, "bee-wolf"), and Old Church Slavonic bičela "bee". Perhaps from a root meaning to "strike, attack".
 |
| charwa 'deer' |
charwa 'deer'. From PIE *ḱerwo- 'horned one', a derivative of *ḱoru 'horn' (cf. Wenja charnga 'horn'). This word is seen most obviously in Latin cervus 'stag', but also in Old English heorot 'stag' (English hart), Old High German hiruz 'stag', Old Norse hrūtr 'ram', and Old Prussian sirwis 'roebuck'. Note also Greek kórudos '(crested) lark' and Avetan srv- 'horn; claw, talon'.
 |
| chwan 'dhole; dog' |
chwan 'dhole; dog'. One of the most famous roots of Indo-European, this word derives from PIE *ḱwon-. Continued by Sanskrit śvan-, Greek kuon (> English cynic 'one who thinks like a dog'), Latin canis (> English canine), Hieroglyphic Luvian zú-wa/i/-ni 'dog', Avestan spā, Russian súka, Lithuanian šuõ 'dog', and English hound.
 |
| dang 'yak' |
dang 'yak'. This word was constructed for Primal, originally a compound word with significant reductions: dansu-gawi, literally 'shaggy cow'. The first part dansu means 'thick; hairy, shaggy' is related to our word dense (< Latin), Greek dasús 'thick', and Hittite dassus 'mighty'. The second part comes from PIE *gʷou- 'cow' (with loss of ʷ after the u), continued by Old Irish bó, Latin bōs (> bovine), and English cow.
 |
| dantan 'sabertooth' |
dantan (tigri) 'sabertooth tiger'. This is another word constructed specifically for Primal. You can see the Wenja word for 'tooth', danti, hidden inside. The sabertooth tiger was the 'toothed tiger'. The PIE word for tooth, *h₁dont- (> Latin dent-, Greek odont-, English tooth), was itself a derivative of the word 'to eat' h₁ed-, as seen in Wenja hada.
 |
| faran 'eagle; large bird' |
faran 'eagle; large bird'. While typically referring to just eagles, this word can also mean any large bird (hence Tensay saying to Takkar: Faranha bandata! "You have united with the owl!") From PIE *h₃or-, this root is seen in Hittite ḫāran-, Gothic ara, Old Irish irar, Russian orël, all which mean 'eagle'. Also the source of Greek órnis 'bird' (> English ornith-ology).
 |
| galu 'turtle; tortoise' |
galu 'turtle; tortoise'. From PIE *gʰéluhᵪs, this word is found in Old Church Slavonic žely, Russian žólvi, and Greek khélus, all meaning 'tortoise'
 |
| hagwi 'snake' |
hagwi 'snake; serpent'. From PIE *h₁ógʷhis, continued by Old High German egala 'leech', Greek ékhis 'viper', óphis 'snake', Armenian iž 'snake; viper', Avestan aži- 'snake', Sanskrit áhi- 'snake', and Welsh euod 'sheepworm', euon 'horse worm'.
 |
| halchi 'elk' |
halchi 'elk, moose'. From PIE *hᵪólḱi-, This word is reconstructable from Latin alcēs, Old Norse elgr, Old English eolh (> elk), Rus losĭ, Wakhi rūš 'wild mountain sheep', and Sanskrit ṛ́śya- 'male antelope'.
 |
| hars 'bear' |
hars '(brown) bear' (chawha-hars 'cave bear'). From PIE *h₂ṛtḱo-. We expect sharcha, but reduced to hars for gameplay / linguistic reasons. Seen in Greek árktos (> arctic), Latin ursus (> ursine), Sanskrit ṛ́kṣa-, Hittite ḫartagga- 'bear man', Armenian arǰ, Albanian ari, and Welsh arth > '(King) Arthur'. Likely derived from *h₂retḱos 'destruction' (Sanskrit rákṣas-, remember the Rakshasa from FC4? There's also a word shrachasa in Primal, which means 'demon').
 |
| Rakshasa ~ Shrachasa |
Blackvoxel, an ambitious Minecraft/Factorio mix?
Check out this interesting (somewhat recently GPLv3 re-licensed) game Blackvoxel:
As you can see it has some interesting mechanic which they call "Molecular Voxel Interaction Engine". As seen in the trailer above, it basically allows you to automate crafting, resulting in interesting "programmable" factory setups.
Of course this might sound a bit too much like actual work and not fun... but given the big fan scene for the closed source game Factorio, I would say it can be more fun that it looks at first ;)
Blackvoxel itself probably needs to be a bit more of a game instead of "just" a sandbox, but there is big promise in the overall concept, so give it a try :)
As you can see it has some interesting mechanic which they call "Molecular Voxel Interaction Engine". As seen in the trailer above, it basically allows you to automate crafting, resulting in interesting "programmable" factory setups.
Of course this might sound a bit too much like actual work and not fun... but given the big fan scene for the closed source game Factorio, I would say it can be more fun that it looks at first ;)
Blackvoxel itself probably needs to be a bit more of a game instead of "just" a sandbox, but there is big promise in the overall concept, so give it a try :)
Sunday, 1 May 2016
How to set up Page-level AdSense ads in your blog
This article describes Page-level ads, a new type of AdSense advertisement which Google has recently introduced. It includes how to set up these ads if you use Blogger, and some troubleshooting information about them.
It also describes how to fix an error in the code which is supplied, which causes a message like "Attribute name "async" associated with an element type "script" must be followed by the ' = ' character".
Google has recently introduced a new type of Adsense ad-units, which may be shown to people who visit a website using a mobile device (eg smartphone of tablet),
There are two types of Page-level ads:
For Blogger users, these ads are only currently available if you have a full AdSense account: if you only have a hosted AdSense account, then you cannot get the code to install them. But if you do have a full AdSense account (either because you have a custom domain, or because you signed up for AdSense before the "host AdSense account" option was introduced), they are attractive because they don't count towards the count of advertisement-units which you are allowed to display on each page.
They also only work if you have a mobile theme switched on for your blog, so that visitors who use a mobile device see mobile-optimised screen.
Go to the My Ads tab
Turn on one or both of Overlay or Vignette ads options.
(By default, they are both turned Off. Click on the empty box beside the "0" to turn an option to on: in these controls, 0 means "off" and 1 means "on".)
Click the < > Get Code button.
Copy the code that is generated.
Switch to Blogger, and edit your theme in the usual way.
Find the text <head> (including the brackets).
On the very next line after <head>, paste in your code.
Optional - but highly recommended - add comments to clearly show what this code is for. I usually use
All you have to do is delete the "src" immediately after the word async.
So your code changes from like this:
to like this:
Currently, there is no way to do this: you must choose one combination of:
You can prevent any Vignette ads being displayed when a user clicks a link by adding a tag to the link.
The tag to add is:
and you need to switch to Edit HTML (top left of the post-editor window) to add it.
This is an example link to another page on this blog which is prevented from having a Vignette ad, and this is the HTML code I've used to achieve this.
Editing your Blogger theme
Hosted AdSesne accounts for Blogger users
It also describes how to fix an error in the code which is supplied, which causes a message like "Attribute name "async" associated with an element type "script" must be followed by the ' = ' character".
What are Page Level AdSense ads
There are two types of Page-level ads:
- Vignette ads: When a visitor on your site clicks on a link to another page on you site, a vignette ad may be loaded as a full-page overlay which the user needs to close before they see the page which they navigated to.
- Overlay ads: these are smaller ads which show at the top or bottom of your screen, and which "stick" to the edge, so they seem to stay in place as the user scrolls up and down your site. The visit may click on them in the usual way.
For Blogger users, these ads are only currently available if you have a full AdSense account: if you only have a hosted AdSense account, then you cannot get the code to install them. But if you do have a full AdSense account (either because you have a custom domain, or because you signed up for AdSense before the "host AdSense account" option was introduced), they are attractive because they don't count towards the count of advertisement-units which you are allowed to display on each page.
They also only work if you have a mobile theme switched on for your blog, so that visitors who use a mobile device see mobile-optimised screen.
How to install AdSense Page Level ads in Blogger
Log in to your AdSense account.Go to the My Ads tab
Turn on one or both of Overlay or Vignette ads options.
(By default, they are both turned Off. Click on the empty box beside the "0" to turn an option to on: in these controls, 0 means "off" and 1 means "on".)
Click the < > Get Code button.
Copy the code that is generated.
Switch to Blogger, and edit your theme in the usual way.
Find the text <head> (including the brackets).
On the very next line after <head>, paste in your code.
Optional - but highly recommended - add comments to clearly show what this code is for. I usually use
<!-- START ADSENSE PAGE LEVEL ADS -->
and then the code goes in here ...
<!-- END ADSENSE PAGE LEVEL ADS -->
Preview the theme, and make sure it's working.
(See Troubleshooting section below if you get a message about Attribute name "async" associated with an element type "script" or similar.
(See Troubleshooting section below if you get a message about Attribute name "async" associated with an element type "script" or similar.
Save the theme.
Job done! This is all you need to do to enable page-levels ads for your blog: you do not need to install gadgets to say where these ads go, because Google handles this for you.
Job done! This is all you need to do to enable page-levels ads for your blog: you do not need to install gadgets to say where these ads go, because Google handles this for you.
How to see what page-level ads look like in your blog
Visit your blog using a smartphone or tablet.
Add the text #googleads at the end of the website address, so it changes from something like:
http://blogger-hints-and-tips.blogspot.com/?m=1
to something like:
http://blogger-hints-and-tips.blogspot.com/?m=1#googleads
After this, when you click on a link to move a different page in your blog, a Vignette style ad will display - these are whole-page ads, which include a "close ad" button, like this:
Troubleshooting
Extra "src" text in the ad-code
Right now, there is a problem with the code that AdSense are providing. I don't know if this is because Blogger doesn't understand a feature that AdSense is using, or if it's a genuine bug. But if you see a message like this when you try to preview the theme:Could not load theme preview: Error parsing XML, line 21, column 15: Attribute name "async" associated with an element type "script" must be followed by the ' = ' character.then there's a very simple change that you have to make.
All you have to do is delete the "src" immediately after the word async.
So your code changes from like this:
<script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
<script>
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({
google_ad_client: "ca-pub-DONT-USE-MY-NUMBER-GET-YOUR-OWN-PUBLISHER-ID",
enable_page_level_ads: true
});
</script>
to like this:
<script async ="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
<script>
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({
google_ad_client: "ca-pub-DONT-USE-MY-NUMBER-GET-YOUR-OWN-PUBLISHER-ID",
enable_page_level_ads: true
});
</script>
Different Page Level settings for different websites
If you are using Adsense across several different websites, then you may want to enable one of vignette or overlay ads on some sites, and a different option on others.Currently, there is no way to do this: you must choose one combination of:
- No Page Level ads
- Overlay ads only, no Vignette ads
- No Overlay ads, but do show Vignette ads
- Allowing Google to choose Overlay and/or Vignette ads
Stop Vignette ads being attached to some links
By default, any link to another page in your blog may have a Vignette ad attached to it. However there may be some links which you specifically don't want this to happen to - for example if the user really needs to remember what was on the current page once the get to the next one.You can prevent any Vignette ads being displayed when a user clicks a link by adding a tag to the link.
The tag to add is:
data-google-vignette=”false”
and you need to switch to Edit HTML (top left of the post-editor window) to add it.
This is an example link to another page on this blog which is prevented from having a Vignette ad, and this is the HTML code I've used to achieve this.
<a data-google-vignette=”false” href="http://blogger-hints-and-tips.blogspot.com/2010/02/stop-malicious-use-of-your-adsense.html">an example link</a>
More help
Google have provided more information about Page level ads here.Related Articles
Setting up a mobile theme for your blogEditing your Blogger theme
Hosted AdSesne accounts for Blogger users
Wenja Grammar: The Causative
As in English, Wenja may use a specific word to indicate the causative, the construction which means “to make do something”. Wenja uses the infinitive + daha ‘do, put’. This construction can make causatives to both transitive and intransitive base verbs.
Intransitive base verbs (verbs without objects)
Mu shnar sasa daha.
The man made me sleep
Shnar sasa daha-m.
I made the man sleep.
Transitive base verbs (verbs with objects)
Mu shnar mara hada daha.
The man made me eat an apple.
Shnar mara hada daha-m.
I made the man eat an apple.
In PIE proper, causatives weren't created using the verb 'to make'; rather, there was a suffix *-eye- that indicated roots as being causatives. While not used all of the time, there's also a suffix -aya- in Wenja that can mark a root as a causative. Check out the following pairs of words:
- nacha 'lose, be doomed' ~ nachaya 'injure, hurt'
- gala 'be cool' ~ galaya 'make cool, cold; chill; freeze'
- majish 'much, great' ~ mashjaya 'make great'
- su 'good, well' ~ suwaya 'make better, improve, upgrade'
- drama 'run' ~ dramaya 'make run'
- bala 'strong' ~ balaya 'strengthen'
- warha 'speak' ~ warhaya 'make talk'
- gwarma 'warm' ~ gwarmaya 'make, keep warm'
Of course, you can use -aya- with any noun, adjective or verb. Just making things up here:
- smarka 'hello' ~ smarkaya 'make say hello'
- gasuri 'hungry' ~ gasuryaya 'make hungry'
- langta 'damned; damnit' ~ langtaya 'make damned'
As a productive suffix you can use this until your heart's content!
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