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Wednesday, 9 March 2016
Wenja Language: ku
Su shayar, sakush! Pra chashka warshtas "u" warhamas. Inglishu, "sentence starter" kalhamas. Shaja alya "sentence starter" hawchamas : ku.
"Good morning, friends! Earlier we spoke about the command word "u". In English, we call it a "sentence starter". Today we'll be learning another "sentence starter" : ku.
Ku is a word only found in Wenja - there is no direct translation for ku in Izila. Speakers of Wenja can -- but don't have to -- use ku when asking a question.
Think back to one of the first scenes with Sayla, where she leads you back to her cave and offers you food (U hada). She asks you Ku chlawata? "Do you hear (them)?", a question which baffles Takkar as it refers to the screams of the Wenja dead. Later, Sayla asks Takkar, Ku barata? "Did you bring (the ears)?"
In short, whenever you ask a yes/no question in Wenja, you will normally begin the sentence with the word ku. Note, too, that because ku marks the sentence as a question, you don't have to indicate that what you're saying is a question through a change in pitch (like English).
Like the sentence starter u 'command', ku '?' does not have a direct source in PIE, rather our reconstructed Proto-PIE. How did we arrive at ku? If you look at a number of question words in English, you'll see that they all begin in wh- : who, what, when, where, why, whither, whence, etc. This wh- derives from PIE *kw- (technically *kʷ-), which was pronounced very similar to the qu- in English quick. As the sounds w and u are nearly identical in articulation, it seems very likely that this *kw- once was pronounced as ku, a word that marked questions. For *kʷ- elsewhere in Indo-European, we can easily see it in Latin quid "what?" and Hittite kwid "what".
Tu sakwan prasti!
"Good morning, friends! Earlier we spoke about the command word "u". In English, we call it a "sentence starter". Today we'll be learning another "sentence starter" : ku.
Ku is a word only found in Wenja - there is no direct translation for ku in Izila. Speakers of Wenja can -- but don't have to -- use ku when asking a question.
Think back to one of the first scenes with Sayla, where she leads you back to her cave and offers you food (U hada). She asks you Ku chlawata? "Do you hear (them)?", a question which baffles Takkar as it refers to the screams of the Wenja dead. Later, Sayla asks Takkar, Ku barata? "Did you bring (the ears)?" In short, whenever you ask a yes/no question in Wenja, you will normally begin the sentence with the word ku. Note, too, that because ku marks the sentence as a question, you don't have to indicate that what you're saying is a question through a change in pitch (like English).
Like the sentence starter u 'command', ku '?' does not have a direct source in PIE, rather our reconstructed Proto-PIE. How did we arrive at ku? If you look at a number of question words in English, you'll see that they all begin in wh- : who, what, when, where, why, whither, whence, etc. This wh- derives from PIE *kw- (technically *kʷ-), which was pronounced very similar to the qu- in English quick. As the sounds w and u are nearly identical in articulation, it seems very likely that this *kw- once was pronounced as ku, a word that marked questions. For *kʷ- elsewhere in Indo-European, we can easily see it in Latin quid "what?" and Hittite kwid "what".
Tu sakwan prasti!
Tuesday, 8 March 2016
Wenja Grammar: hu-
Past, Present and Future
Here's an answer to an email we got. If you have suggestions or questions, please let us know!
Wenja are very “present” and not usually concerned with the past or the future. This is also true of their grammar. Wenja has only one verbal tense. Past, present and future are implied from context and/or additional words like adverbs.
The past may be (but doesn’t have to be) marked by adding the perfective unaccented hu- prefix before the verb root. You might use this in ambiguous situations where it is not clear from context that it’s in the past, and where it’s important to indicate that the action has been completed:
This type of marker is called an aspectual prefix. It is added to the beginning of a verb to indicate how the action relates to time.
Here's an answer to an email we got. If you have suggestions or questions, please let us know!
Wenja are very “present” and not usually concerned with the past or the future. This is also true of their grammar. Wenja has only one verbal tense. Past, present and future are implied from context and/or additional words like adverbs.
| Hars gwanam. | I kill the bear. / I am killing the bear. |
| Hars gwanam. | I killed the bear. |
| Gashjas hars gwanam. | I killed the bear yesterday. |
| Shayar hars gwanam. | I will kill the bear tomorrow. |
The past may be (but doesn’t have to be) marked by adding the perfective unaccented hu- prefix before the verb root. You might use this in ambiguous situations where it is not clear from context that it’s in the past, and where it’s important to indicate that the action has been completed:
| Hars hu-gwanam. | I killed the bear. |
| (It’s over, it’s done with, we don’t need to worry about that bear anymore!) |
This type of marker is called an aspectual prefix. It is added to the beginning of a verb to indicate how the action relates to time.
Wenja Language: majish
Smarkaka, salwa! Shaja alya Winja kam-kamya warshtas warhamas : majish. Majish is the basic word meaning "big, large, great" and is often yelled in the context of the Udam -- majish yawdan "big warrior"! Just think of those heavies that take 10 arrows to take down.You'll also hear majish in the thanks of the very grateful Wenja that you save, hearing things like Tiyi majish charda "You have a big heart" or Majish charda-ha yawdata "You fight with a big heart."
And where does this word come from? PIE *meǵh2 'great, large, big' (note the funny h2 sound is a guttural sound, likely the "Darth Vader sound"), source of Hittite mek, Sanskrit mahi, Latin magnus, and Greek mega. It's also continued directly by English much, with a variant mickle (a Scottish form). So English magni-tude, Mega-man, and much all derive from PIE *meǵh2. Pretty successful word.
Tu sakwan prasti!
Monday, 7 March 2016
Ijonkz v1.3 – Responsive Magazine/News Blogger Template
Ijonkz a blogger theme with responsive layout and two style Boxed or Full width. Its High User Friendly Blogger Template. Its design simple and clean and perfect for News, Magazine or portofolio websites. With an attractive color combination and impressed professionals and has many features.
Ijonkz Responsive Magazine/News Blogger Template Features
Current version: 1.3
100% Responsive (Boxed or Full)
Manual Featured Post from Image Widget (Responsive Skitter Slideshow)
Auto Featured Post (Responsive Skitter Slideshow)
Support Blogger Template Customize Editor (Upload Image Background)
Lightweight Auto read-more (support third party image, and Youtube Thumbnail)
Ajax Page Navigation
Tabs Widgets ready (Sidebar)
Ajax JSON Search Result *
Ajax Recent Post by Tag (9 Post Type(Slider, Vertical, Combine, Gallery 1, Gallery 2, Hot, Simple, Noimage and Horizontal) support Random Post) Support Ajax Load More *
Ajax Recent Comment Widget *
Ajax Related Post Widget with Slider Effect
Ajax News Ticker Widget *
Two View Mode (List and Grid) width Cookies
Optimize SEO
Auto Resize Thumbnail image
Meta Keywords And Description Support (Official Meta Description Support)
Allow visitors increase / decrease text size and auto remember for future.
Cool blogger threaded comment (Support Google+ Comment) with Emoticon
3 Comment System (Blogger, Facebook, Disqus)
Custom Error 404 Page
Sticky Sidebar
Custom Share widget icon (addthis widget plugin)
Professional admin layout, help you easy work with blog layout.
Support Print CSS and allow visitors share articles email
Support shortcodes
Support Mega Menu New
Support Post Preview
Added light Weight version New
Support RTL Language
Compatible with major browsers (IE8+,Mozilla,Chrome,Safari,Opera)
* : Work with Blogger JSON Feed and Public Blog
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