Wednesday, 27 April 2016
Wenja's Roots: Dwani (Sounds), Part 2
Welcome back!
Having examined the stops of PIE & Wenja, we can now turn to the fricatives. Fricatives are noisy sounds, characterized by significant (but partial) obstruction within the vocal tract. In English, we have nine fricatives (in case you're wondering, that's a lot!) -- they can be made with the lips & teeth together (labiodental), with the tongue in between the teeth ([inter]dental), just behind the top front teeth (alveolar), retracted slightly behind that (alveopalatal), or in the throat (glottal). Note the voicing distinction found in the stops is also present for all the fricatives except for < h >.
Voiceless | Voiced | |
---|---|---|
Labiodental | f | v |
Interdental | θ | ð |
Alveolar | s | z |
Alveopalatal | ʃ | ʒ |
Glottal | h | - |
The sounds < f >, < v >, < s >, < z >, and < h> are pretty self-explanatory -- they're the sounds at the beginning of the words fish, van, sit, zoo, and hi, respectively. But what about those remaining, funny-looking characters? The symbol < θ > = < th >, as in thick, < ð > = < th > as in then, < ʃ > = < sh > as in shoot, and < ʒ > = < j > as in judge.
Voiceless | Voiced | |
---|---|---|
Dental | s | [z] |
Uvular | χ (h₂) | ʁʷ (h₃) |
Glottal | h (h₁) | - |
We'll discuss each of these in turn.
The fricative *s was likely a dental sound, more like the Spanish s than the English one. We find this sound all over the place in PIE, for instance in the widespread root 'to sit'. PIE *sed- 'sit' > Ved. sáda ‘sit!’, Lat. sedēre, Eng. sit, OCS sěděti, Gk. hézomai, Arm. hecanim, Wenja sada 'sit'.
While < z > is a full-fledged sound in English (note the pair sit ~ zit), it was not in PIE. In linguistics we would call *z an allophone of the phoneme *s. By this we mean that PIE speakers didn't hear *z as a different sound from *s, despite their difference in pronunciation. In fact, the only time we can reconstruct *z is when *s was situated in front of a voiced stop (*d, *gʰ, etc.). To give you an example, the *e vowel in *sed- 'sit' was sometimes deleted to produce *sd-, which was automatically pronounced as *-zd-. This famously explains the source of PIE *ni-zd-ó- 'nest', literally the 'place (for a bird) to sit down', continued by Sanskrit nīḍás, Latin nīdus, Old Church Slavonic gnězdo, English nest, Wenja nizda 'nest, lair'. As for the element of *nizdó-, ni 'down', if you watch Brenna's Winja Warshta: Brina Winja dachaya, you'll hear her give the command U ni sada! "Sit down!" The basic word for 'down' in both Wenja & PIE is ni.
Just like PIE, < z > really isn't used in Wenja, except when it's before voiced stops in words such as mazga 'to descend; marrow, semen' or in borrowed words (Izila < Iz. His-hílax).
The other three fricatives of PIE, *h1,* h2, *h3, are known as the laryngeals. These were all fricatives produced in the back of the throat, which were largely eliminated / altered beyond recognition in the daughter languages.
Here's the funny thing about the laryngeals. While they were technically consonants in PIE, they are primarily continued as vowels in the Indo-European languages. So if they're usually vowels, why do we think they were consonants? This is largely due to the Anatolian languages, such as Hittite. Let's look at some examples:
- *h₁es- 'be' > Hittite ēszi 'is', Sanskrit asti, Greek esti, Latin est, English is, Wenja hasa 'be (formal), exist'
- *h2ent- ‘face’ > Hittite ḫanti ‘in the face of’, Sanskrit ánti ‘before’, Latin ante, Greek antí, English end, Wenja shantiyi 'near'
- *h3er- ‘large bird’ > Hittite ḫāraš ‘eagle’, Greek órnis ‘bird’; Gothic ara, Old Irish irar, Old Church Slavonic orĭlĭ ‘eagle’, Wenja faran 'eagle'
You'll note that in the words above both *h2 and *h3 are continued as < ḫ > in Hittite, a sound which was either a velar or pharyngeal fricative. For more on the laryngeals (and PIE phonology) in general, I recommend that you read through a recent paper of mine, posted here.
So why do the laryngeals become vowels in the non-Anatolian languages? Well, often laryngeals were situated in difficult-to-pronounce consonant sequences, such as *ph2ter- 'father'. They 'vocalized', which really means that they inserted a short vowel (schwa, the *uh* sound in among) next to it in order to make the sequence pronounceable.
So why do the laryngeals become vowels in the non-Anatolian languages? Well, often laryngeals were situated in difficult-to-pronounce consonant sequences, such as *ph2ter- 'father'. They 'vocalized', which really means that they inserted a short vowel (schwa, the *uh* sound in among) next to it in order to make the sequence pronounceable.
- *dhh1s- ‘sacred, religious’ → *dhəh1s- > Gk. thés-phatos ‘decreed by god’, Lat. fānum ‘temple’ (< *fasno-), Skt. dhíṣṇya- ‘devout’, HLuv. tasan-za ‘votive stele’, Wenja dahisna 'temple'
- *sth2-to- ‘standing, made to stand’ → *stəh2-to- > Gk. statós, Ved. sthitá-, Lat. status, ON staðr ‘obstinate, restive (of horses)’, Wenja tashta 'stand, pedestal'
- *dh3-ti- ‘gift’ → *dəh3-ti- > Gk. dósis, Ved. díti-, Lat. datiō, Wenja dafti '(mutual) exchange'
And like Hittite, those consonant sounds haven't gone anywhere, though two of them have shifted in pronunciation. You've probably picked up on how the three laryngeals change into Wenja:
- *h₁ > h (no change!)
- *h₂ > sh
- *h₃ > f
While the second & third laryngeals become < sh > and < f > consistently throughout Wenja, you'll often see the first laryngeal changing to < sh > in certain contexts, namely before a consonant or at the end of a word.
- PIE *wih₁ró- 'hero' > Sanskrit vīra- 'hero', Latin vir 'man', English were(wolf), Wenja wishra 'hero; the one'
- PIE *d(e)h₁só- 'god' > Greek theós, Armenian dik', Wenja dashka 'god'
You'll note that in the second example, *deh₁só- 'god', there's an additional change of < s > to < k >, which is something we'll discuss in a later post on consonant sequences.
So to wrap things up, here is the fricative inventory of Wenja:
So to wrap things up, here is the fricative inventory of Wenja:
Labiodental | fmaygan ‘piss man’ | ||
---|---|---|---|
Alveolar | sada ‘sit’ | ||
Alveopalatal | shazda ‘branch’ | ||
| hatra ‘food’ |
Tuesday, 26 April 2016
How to find Name of a Vehicle Owner through its Number Plate

I sent the message "VAHAN UP11AV6152" to 7738299899. In a few seconds i received a message from VK-VAAHAN .It has got all of my vehicle details including my name as the owner. The message that i got is as follows.
UP11AV6152 [Saharanpur RTO,UP]
Owner:1 -PRIXIT PARASHAR
Vehicle:AVENGER(PETROL) MOTOR CYCLE
RC/FC Expiry:31-May-30
Finance:BAJAJ FINANCE LTD
MV Tax upto:(Life Time)
I was amazed to see all these details. As even i was not aware of the fact that my RC will expire on 31 May 2030. Thumbs up to this good scheme. A good effort by government to make some things simple and easy to access.
Steps to know the details of a vehicle:
- Type a message with Vehicle Registration Number after typing VAHAN. As my vehicle number is UP11AV6152, so i typed the message VAHAN UP11AV6152 .
- Then this message should be sent to 7738299899 .
- You will get details within seconds .
Now the question is where this feature can be used. Here is the answer.
- If you have noticed the number of a vehicle engaged in some road accident.
- If you have noticed the number of a vehicle indulged in some criminal activity like kidnapping or burglary, chain snatching etc.
- If you found some suspicious vehicle parked in your locality.
- If you want to know identity of a person by using his vehicle registration number.
There is one more place where this feature can be used. Suppose you parked your vehicle in some parking area and got a parking slip in return. Now after some shopping you returned to your vehicle and found out that your slip is missing. Now you can ask the parking person to use this feature and find the name of real owner. Then you can show him your ID Card with your name and get your vehicle back without much hassle.
Note: This feature is only for INDIA.
Monday, 25 April 2016
2014 Audi R8 V10 Plus
Newest, most beautiful Audi R8, is coming now!!
DFF size: 5.01mb
Replace: Buffalo
New features:
-Simulate SSAO for logo
-Auto spoiler
-Primary color for body, and secondary color for wheels
-Extra front light
2014/1/11 Update:
-New plate lights (test)
-Edited wheels, make it more realistic
-Strengthen details
-New car lights system
-New exhaust materials
and more...
DFF size: 5.01mb
Replace: Buffalo
New features:
-Simulate SSAO for logo
-Auto spoiler
-Primary color for body, and secondary color for wheels
-Extra front light
2014/1/11 Update:
-New plate lights (test)
-Edited wheels, make it more realistic
-Strengthen details
-New car lights system
-New exhaust materials
and more...
Powershot Nitro Mod
- This Mod brings Powershot Nitros to GTA SA.(Inpired from Need for Speed Games)
- Powershot Nitro increases Car Speed Up to double very quickly.
- Nitro Effects.
- Nitro Bar.(Refiles in few seconds.)
Author: Rakesh_nama
HOW TO INSTALL ?
To Install just put "CLEO" & "Models" folder to your GTA SA Folder.
CLEO 4.3 Requires.
HOW TO USE ?
Get a Car, Press "M" on your keyboard to use powershot Nitros.
Enjoy !
^_^
- Powershot Nitro increases Car Speed Up to double very quickly.
- Nitro Effects.
- Nitro Bar.(Refiles in few seconds.)
Author: Rakesh_nama
HOW TO INSTALL ?
To Install just put "CLEO" & "Models" folder to your GTA SA Folder.
CLEO 4.3 Requires.
HOW TO USE ?
Get a Car, Press "M" on your keyboard to use powershot Nitros.
Enjoy !
^_^
Sunday, 24 April 2016
Wenja Language: lija
Su shayar, salwa! Sa "Sushal-dajrim" Urusi ankamya warshtas dabu warshta krayba magam. Sa dajris warshta: lija. Alya kraybamansu sama lijaman hu-taticham.
Good morning, all! This Sunday I can write a few words about an uncommon word in Oros. Today's word of the day is: lija "play, flirt". For fun, I've recorded some pick-up lines in another post.
To my knowledge, lija is a word that's rarely used in the game. I'm certain that it's not used in the main dialogue, as the only place that it could be found is in the following scene with Roshani (go to 13:29), but Roshani uses drama "run", not lija.
However, it is hidden in some of the many barks uttered by the villagers. You can use lija to mean either "play" or "flirt". Both take -ha prepositional phrases, but whether it's one or the other depends on the object of that prepositional phrase:
Good morning, all! This Sunday I can write a few words about an uncommon word in Oros. Today's word of the day is: lija "play, flirt". For fun, I've recorded some pick-up lines in another post.
To my knowledge, lija is a word that's rarely used in the game. I'm certain that it's not used in the main dialogue, as the only place that it could be found is in the following scene with Roshani (go to 13:29), but Roshani uses drama "run", not lija.
- Karwa shash-ha lija. "The boy plays with a rock."
- Karwa karwi-ha lija. "The boy flirts with a girl."
- Karwa karwi-ha samsam shash-ha lija. "The boy plays with a rock with a girl."
So to "play" you use an object; to "flirt" a person. You can see that to say "play with someone" (vs. flirt) you need to introduce samsam 'together'.
The word derives from PIE *leid- (actually lidye > lija), a word found in English ludi-crous, from Latin ludicrum 'sport, game', ludere 'to play'. There's also a rare Greek form lízei 'plays'. The Wenja form is identical to the Greek one.
How to Speak Wenja: kwati samkwayha lija (How to flirt with someone)

- A waycham nawa hu-gwamam. Kwayshim ti-damsham (ti-chawham) dayshta? (I am new in town. Can you show me the way to your home (cave)?)
- U kuspas shala jawpur-kwa laja. Yacha watas, tacham tiyi manam. (Go out at night and count the stars. That’s how many years I’ll wait for you.)
- Ayshta dakru, naysh nakwayda tansham, hanata laykwam. (If you were a tear, I would never cry in fear of losing you.)
- Ku swadutis kwaymansu hu-sadata? Swada-swadu harsa hapi. (Did you sit in a pile of sugar? Cause you have a pretty sweet ass.)
- Ku tiyi shambipachitra? Ti-fakwisu apashkanti buha-buham. (Do you have a map? I’m getting lost in your eyes.)
- Ku ti-chawhasu sasa magam? Mi-lagas drawba. (Can I sleep at your place tonight? My bed is broken.)
- Na lijam. Mu war kash-kashyan, samkwayi kala-kala. (I’m not flirting. I’m just being extra nice to someone is extra attractive.)
- Ku-ta magu? Kwaydayshta darcham, kwaykwa mari! (Are you a magician? Because whenever I look at you, everyone else disappears!)
- Chalta prapata. Kum-ra kawti-way bawga walhata? (You look cold. Want to use me as a blanket?)
- Pash, samkway ni yaha tangayam. Mi-janu! (Excuse me, but I think I dropped something. My jaw!)
Friday, 22 April 2016
Thursday, 21 April 2016
Wenja's Roots: Dwani (Sounds), Part 1
Over a series of posts we'll discuss exactly what we, the creators of Wenja, do each time we create - or rather derive - a new word for the primary language of Oros. How do PIE words like *bʰere- 'to carry' and *h₂odyo 'today' become Wenja bara and shaja, respectively?
Our first post will begin with the largest class of consonants in PIE -- stops (aka occlusives). Stops are found in all of the world's languages. When you make a stop, the air is stopped in the mouth in the initial production of the sound, and then the air is released. For this reason you can't hold a stop out like an s or an m; try holding out a p -- you'll find that it's impossible!
There are six stops in English:

English stops are organized according to place of articulation and voicing. Stops can either be voiced or voiceless. Voiced sounds require vibration of the vocal folds (in your throat); voiceless sounds do not. The terms bilabial, alveolar, and velar refer to the place of articulation, or where in the mouth a sound is articulated. You can see in the diagram to the left that bilabial sounds are made with the lips, alveolars just behind the top front teeth, and velars towards the back of the mouth.
While there are only six basic stops in English, it's very likely that PIE had fifteen. That's a lot compared to most languages of the world! The majority of Indo-Europeanists assume five places of articulation (bilabial, dental, palatal, velar, and labiovelar (velar consonant with lip rounding)) and three different ways to make stops (voiceless, voiced, and voiced aspirated). The voiced aspirated stops, which are perhaps better described as breathy, are characterized by a voiced puff of air following the stop in question.
Now let's see how all of this plays out in Wenja. In the lists below, we first give you an example of a PIE word beginning with the reconstructed stops in question (marked in bold), followed by descendant words in actual Indo-European languages. We then conclude with the Wenja derivative (marked in red).
If you've made it this far and have looked closely at the PIE & Wenja examples, you'll note two basic changes in the Wenja stop system.
Next time we'll talk about the fricatives - the hissy sounds - of Wenja: s, z, h, sh, and f.
Our first post will begin with the largest class of consonants in PIE -- stops (aka occlusives). Stops are found in all of the world's languages. When you make a stop, the air is stopped in the mouth in the initial production of the sound, and then the air is released. For this reason you can't hold a stop out like an s or an m; try holding out a p -- you'll find that it's impossible!
There are six stops in English:
Voiceless | Voiced | |
---|---|---|
Bilabial | p | b |
Alveolar | t | d |
Velar | k | g |
While there are only six basic stops in English, it's very likely that PIE had fifteen. That's a lot compared to most languages of the world! The majority of Indo-Europeanists assume five places of articulation (bilabial, dental, palatal, velar, and labiovelar (velar consonant with lip rounding)) and three different ways to make stops (voiceless, voiced, and voiced aspirated). The voiced aspirated stops, which are perhaps better described as breathy, are characterized by a voiced puff of air following the stop in question.
Voiceless | Voiced | Voiced Aspirated | |
---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | p | b | bʰ |
Alveolar | t | d | dʰ |
Palatal | ḱ | ǵ | ǵʰ |
Velar | k | g | gʰ |
Labiovelar | kʷ | gʷ | gʷʰ |
Now let's see how all of this plays out in Wenja. In the lists below, we first give you an example of a PIE word beginning with the reconstructed stops in question (marked in bold), followed by descendant words in actual Indo-European languages. We then conclude with the Wenja derivative (marked in red).
- Labials:
- PIE *ped/pod- 'foot' > Luvian pāta-, Sanskrit pad-, Greek pod-, Latin ped-, English foot, Armenian otn, Wenja padi 'foot'
- PIE *bel- 'strong' > Sanskrit bála- ‘strength’, Greek beltíōn ‘better’, Latin dē-bilis ‘lacking strength’, Old Church Slavonic bolĭjĭ ‘bigger’, Wenja bala 'strong'
- PIE *bʰer- 'carry' > Sanskrit bhárāmi ‘I carry’, Greek phérō, Latin ferō, Armenian berem, English bear, Old Church Slavonic berǫ ‘I take’, Old Irish ·beir, Wenja bara 'carry'
- Dentals:
- PIE *ters- 'be dry, thirst' > Sanskrit tarṣáyati ‘makes thirsty’, Greek térsetai ‘becomes dry’, Latin terra ‘(dry) land’, English thirst, Albanian ter ‘I dry’, Wenja tarsa 'become dry'
- PIE *doru '(oak) tree' > Hittite tāru ‘wood, tree’, Sanskrit dā́ru, Greek dóru, Old Irish daur, Old Church Slavonic drěvo, Albanian dru, English tree, Wenja daru 'wood'
- PIE *dʰeh₁- 'put, do' > Sanskrit dhā- ‘put, do’, Greek thē- ‘put’, Latin faciō, English do, Old Russian dě, Wenja daha 'do, make, put'
- Palatals:
- PIE *ḱerd- 'heart' > Sanskrit śrad-, Old Church Slavonic srĭdĭce, Lithuanian širdìs, Hittite kard-, Greek kardíā, Latin cord- [kord], English heart, Wenja charda 'heart'
- PIE *ǵónu 'knee' > Sanskrit jā́nu, Avestan žnum, Hittite gēnu, Greek gónu, Latin genū, Eng. knee, Wenja janwa 'knee'
- PIE *ǵʰeu- 'pour' > Sanskrit hūyáte ‘is poured’, Avestan zaotar- ‘priest’, Greek khe(w)ō ‘I pour’, Tocharian B kewu ‘I will pour’, German giessen, Wenja jawa 'pour'
- Velars:
- PIE *kes- 'hair' > Old Church Slavonic kosa ‘hair’, Lithuanian kasà ‘braid’, Hittite kiss-, Greek késkeon, Old English heord ‘hair’, Wenja kasa 'braid, weave'
- PIE *gras- 'grass' > Sanskrit grásate ‘eats’, Greek grástis ‘grass’, Latin grāmen ‘grass’, Wenja grasti 'straw'
- PIE *gʰrebʰ(hᵪ)- 'grab' > Sanskrit /ghrabh-/, Av. grab-, OCS grabiti, Eng. grab, Wenja grabasha 'grab, catch'
- Labiovelars:
- PIE *kʷis 'who' > Sanskrit kás ‘who’, Old Church Slavonic kŭ-to ‘who, Lithuanian kàs, Hittite kuis ([kwis]), Latin quis ([kwis]), Old English hwæt, Wenja kway 'who, what'
- PIE *gʷen- 'woman' > Sanskrit jáni-, Old Church Slavonic žena, Old Prussian genna, Hittite kuinnas ([kwinnas]), Greek gunḗ, English queen, Wenja gwani 'woman'
- PIE *gʷʰen- 'kill' > Sanskrit hánti ‘slays’, Avestan jaiṇti, Old Church Slavonic ženǫ ‘I hunt’, Hittite kuenzi ([kwentsi]) ‘slays’, Greek -phonos ‘slayer’, Latin dē-fen-dit, English bane, Wenja gwana 'kill'
If you've made it this far and have looked closely at the PIE & Wenja examples, you'll note two basic changes in the Wenja stop system.
- Voiced aspirates are pronounced as normal voiced stops in Wenja: *bʰ, dʰ, ǵʰ, gʰ, gʷʰ > b, d, j, g, gw, respectively
- Palatal stops are pronounced as (alveopalatal) affricates in Wenja: *ḱ, ǵ, ǵ > ch, j, j, respectively. Recall that ch = < ch > (cheese) & j = < j > (juice).
Voiceless | Voiced | |
---|---|---|
Bilabial | padi | bala |
Alveolar | tarsa | daha |
Palatal (Alveopalatal) | charda | jawa |
Velar | kasa | grabash |
Labiovelar | kway | gwana |
Next time we'll talk about the fricatives - the hissy sounds - of Wenja: s, z, h, sh, and f.
Wednesday, 20 April 2016
Nemucod ransomware information
This is a quick post on the recent Nemucod ransomware. Nemucod is (normally) a downloader which uses
There's a blog post by Fortinet which explains Nemucod ransomware, so I'm not going to repeat much here: Nemucod Adds Ransomware Routine
It came to our attention that a new, rather peculiar version of Nemucod has been recently landing on users. Nemucod is a well-known JavaScript malware family that arrives via spam email and downloads additional malware to PCs.
This particular campaign is using the lure of a court appeal to spread:
The mail reads:
Notice to Appear,
You have to appear in the Court on the April 22.Please, prepare all the documents relating to the case and bring them to Court on the specified date.Note: If you do not come, the case will be heard in your absence.
The Court Notice is attached to this email.
Yours faithfully,Brian Snider,District Clerk.
It seems Nemucod ransomware got another update, as it now uses 7-zip to actually encrypt the files.
Another change is the slight drop in price. Whereas before it was 0.60358 bitcoins ($267.14 or €236.43), it's now 0.49731 bitcoins ($220.11 or €194.80).
New message reads:
![]() |
Nemucod ransomware message |
![]() |
Nemucod encrypting a whole plethora of filetypes, appending the .crypted extension |
Disinfection
If you have opened a .JS file (JScript file) from an unknown sender, open Task Manager immediately and stop all the following processes (at least in this version of Nemucod):
a0.exe (actually 7-zip disguised)
a1.exe
a2.exe
cmd.exe
wscript.exe
The faster you do this, the less files will be encrypted. Run a scan with your antivirus program and a scan with another antivirus program to verify the malware has been removed.
Note: It's always useful to keep a copy of the ransomware note handy, as it's easier to identify the ransomware and if it can be decrypted.
Decryption
I'm only briefly reporting on this for those in need, but currently, the known decryptors are suited for this version. However, Fabian from Emsisoft is already working hard to make a decryptor available, so please have patience!
If you have an older version of Nemucod, you can try one of either decryptors:
Emsisoft Decrypter for Nemucod
nemucod_decrypter (you will need to install Python for this)
You can also try restoring files with Shadow Explorer. (alternate link)
For more information, please visit the following Bleeping Computer topic
.crypted Ransomware (Nemucod) - Decrypt.txt Support and Help Topic
Prevention
In particular for Nemucod, don't open any JScript/JavaScript files from unknown senders.
For more tips on ransomware prevention, be sure to check out this page I've set up:
Ransomware Prevention
Conclusion
Same as with all malware: don't open attachments from unknown senders!
Please find below IOCs and additional resources.
Resources
.crypted Ransomware (Nemucod) - Decrypt.txt Support and Help Topic
ID ransomware
JavaScript-toting spam emails: What should you know and how to avoid them?
JScript
Nemucod ransomware IOCs
Ransomware overview
Ransomware Prevention
TrojanDownloader: JS/Nemucod
Tuesday, 19 April 2016
Wenja Grammar: Plurals & Animacy
In languages like English, there is usually a way to differentiate singular nouns from plural nouns.
Wenja, Wenjas
bear, bears
leaf, leaves
BUT fish, fish
In Wenja, plural nouns look exactly the same as singulars.
Winja = Wenja, Wenjas
hars = bear, bears
balya = leaf, leaves
payska = fish, fish
However, if a plural noun is the subject of a verb, in special circumstance you'll see the plural marked on the verbs. To understand when, you must first understand animacy.
Wenja speakers view the things within their world as either living (animate) or non-living (inanimate). For the Wenja, anything animate has a soul. Animate nouns are people, spirits, gods, and animals. Inanimate nouns are objects, such as rocks, weapons, and food.
The key point is that Wenja only use endings on their verbs when the subject is animate. The only things that can be inanimate would be in the 3rdperson. For the 3rd singular, since there is no verbal ending in the paradigm for animate subjects, the verb will look the same whether the subject is animate or inanimate. So, the only difference you would need to worry about would be for the 3rd person plural subjects:
3rd person plural subjects:
Mara harha. The apples rest. (Inanimate)
Chwan harharsh. The dogs rest. (Animate)
3rd person singular subjects:
Mara harha. The apple rests. (Inanimate)
Chwan harha. The dog rests. (Animate)
Monday, 18 April 2016
Wenja Language: frashta, frashni, fraja, shrash
Smarkaka, sakush! Tan-ra nakway kraybay bidam, ma Primal "Gwayfa Santaha" lijam. Say-saywa, ma taw-tawsam! Palhu sashwal pa, "nati"s hu-warhamas. Ya si-gwar sahi, Takkar sa warha. Cha Takkar alya warshta warha: frashta. Shaja sis traya brashtar-warshtas-kwa warhamas: shrash, fraja, frashni-kwa.
Hello, friends! I apologize for not writing anything, but I've been playing Primal on "Survival Mode". It's super hard, but I'm loving it! A couple weeks back we spoke about nati "no longer". It's what Takkar saying releasing his beast. Takkar says another word: frashta "right, correct". Today we'll talk about it & three related words: shrash "yes", fraja "to target; guide", and frashni "queen".
Let's start with the less common, but more straightforward words. The words frashta and frashni are taken from the verb fraja "to target, aim at; direct, guide, rule". Both show the common alternation of -j- to -sh- (fraj-ta- --> frashta, fraj-ni --> frashni). The original meaning of frashta is "upright, guided" and the frashni is the "one who rules". Of course, in the context of Far Cry Primal, we're talking about Batari here.
So how is shrash connected to all of this? Well, originally shrash WAS frashta, just spoken so many times it got slightly modified. The strong "sh" sound took over the less-audible "f" sound, and the final syllable was lopped off. This was all done on purpose; more common words tend to undergo more changes than less common words. Just think of the English word "and". You usually pronounce this word as simple "n" (In n' Out, fish n' chips, etc.) But the same reduction isn't seen in words like "sand", "hand", "band", etc. They cannot be reduced to sn', hn', bn', etc. That's because "and", as a common word, doesn't play by the rules. The same is true of shrash.
And where does this come from in PIE? A very common root: *h₃reǵ-, which had the same meaning as Wenja fraja. We still have this word in words dealing with royalty (regal, royal, etc.) as well as direction (the board of regents, registration, etc.). Those words are borrowed from Latin, however. Do we have any direct descendants in English? Yes, indeed! In fact, our word right is from the same source as frashta.
Hello, friends! I apologize for not writing anything, but I've been playing Primal on "Survival Mode". It's super hard, but I'm loving it! A couple weeks back we spoke about nati "no longer". It's what Takkar saying releasing his beast. Takkar says another word: frashta "right, correct". Today we'll talk about it & three related words: shrash "yes", fraja "to target; guide", and frashni "queen".

So how is shrash connected to all of this? Well, originally shrash WAS frashta, just spoken so many times it got slightly modified. The strong "sh" sound took over the less-audible "f" sound, and the final syllable was lopped off. This was all done on purpose; more common words tend to undergo more changes than less common words. Just think of the English word "and". You usually pronounce this word as simple "n" (In n' Out, fish n' chips, etc.) But the same reduction isn't seen in words like "sand", "hand", "band", etc. They cannot be reduced to sn', hn', bn', etc. That's because "and", as a common word, doesn't play by the rules. The same is true of shrash.
And where does this come from in PIE? A very common root: *h₃reǵ-, which had the same meaning as Wenja fraja. We still have this word in words dealing with royalty (regal, royal, etc.) as well as direction (the board of regents, registration, etc.). Those words are borrowed from Latin, however. Do we have any direct descendants in English? Yes, indeed! In fact, our word right is from the same source as frashta.
Saints ROW III ZIMOS voices
-This Mod Brings ZIMOS Style Voice for CJ.
-Voices are Not Totally like Zimos's Voice.
-I just add Zimos Voice effects(Phaser) in CJ Voices.
-It's 75 % like ZIOMS's Voice.
Author: Rakesh_nama
How to Install ?
Install these voices with Saat.
firstly copy the voices into directory where you have placed sounds where these extract copy these folders into this folder then open Saat and then open SPC_PA and save and PAIN_A and then save.
done the mod is installed.
Or
just put all folders in Modloader Folder.(Modloader Required).
Please Rate This Mod & Don't forgot to make comment!
Enjoy! ^_^
-Voices are Not Totally like Zimos's Voice.
-I just add Zimos Voice effects(Phaser) in CJ Voices.
-It's 75 % like ZIOMS's Voice.
Author: Rakesh_nama
How to Install ?
Install these voices with Saat.
firstly copy the voices into directory where you have placed sounds where these extract copy these folders into this folder then open Saat and then open SPC_PA and save and PAIN_A and then save.
done the mod is installed.
Or
just put all folders in Modloader Folder.(Modloader Required).
Please Rate This Mod & Don't forgot to make comment!
Enjoy! ^_^
Friday, 15 April 2016
AUD/USD Forex Report 16th April 2016
AUD/USD Primary & Weekly cycles
when we look at the lesser timeframes we can see patterns that suggest the AUD should continue higher...
1. Consolidation above the 2016 50% level
2. March 50% thrust pattern and breakout of the MARCH highs.
3. Expectation it will now continue to trend up towards the April highs and continue in 2-month wave pattern upwards MAY highs and as high as the July highs (3rd Quarter)
Therefore the only conclusion is, the AUD is going higher. (PREVIOUS Report)
For those that are long I would look to take something off around .7828-50
The Primary trend remains strong, which could result in further gains in the AUD for the rest of the year (.8060 - .8160)
Taking partial profits around .7828 - 7850 protects you just in case it zag-zags down towards the 3-week lows once again before the next leg up towards the upper target.
Advence Car Cam Shake Mod (Depends on Speed)
- This mod is diffrent from other Cam Shake Mods.(It's Advanced)
- This Time Instasity of Camera Shake Depends on Car Speed.
- More Car Speed, More Camera Shake.
- To install put "cleo" folder to your GTA SA folder.
- CLEO 4.3 Requires.
Author: Rakesh_Nama
Enjoy! ^_^
- This Time Instasity of Camera Shake Depends on Car Speed.
- More Car Speed, More Camera Shake.
- To install put "cleo" folder to your GTA SA folder.
- CLEO 4.3 Requires.
Author: Rakesh_Nama
Enjoy! ^_^
Engine Starter Sounds Mod
- This mod brings Engine Start Sounds in GTA SA.
- When you Enter Any Car or bike, you Can hear the Sounds.
- Diffrent Sounds for Cars and Motorbikes.
- To install put "cleo" folder to your GTA SA folder.
- CLEO 4.3 Requires.
Author: Rakesh_Nama
Enjoy! ^_^
- When you Enter Any Car or bike, you Can hear the Sounds.
- Diffrent Sounds for Cars and Motorbikes.
- To install put "cleo" folder to your GTA SA folder.
- CLEO 4.3 Requires.
Author: Rakesh_Nama
Enjoy! ^_^
Thursday, 14 April 2016
Internet Download Manager Universal Crack [IDM 6.25 Build 14 UPDATED]
Internet Download Manager(IDM) developers release a new build of their well-known Download Accelerator; Internet Download Manager regularly. So everybody who uses pirated versions get so pissed off that they have to find a new version of crack every time when an IDM update comes. So we made a really awesome fix for that
An Universal Web Crack. A new era in scene world. Web crack is a new concept of cracks that download and update crack content as the target program gets updated.
So whenever IDM releases a new version. Update your crack using built-in updater and apply crack. Easy as that ! You can simply trust On HAX IDM crack because it has a history of more than 3 year with regular updates, and also it has more than 10000K worldwide downloads.
How to Crack any IDM Version ?
Install the latest version of IDM / Or update via quick update (yes its possible now)Turn off any virus guards
Download and Run IDM Universal Web Crack.exe
Update IDM Universal Web Crack (if it asks) [screenshot]
Select IDM Installation path
Click Crack button and wait till it say IDM activated successfully ! (Press the button twice to make sure it worked)
Now open IDM and enjoy lifetime full version license
How to Update
When a new version of IDM comes Update IDM via IDM’s quick update. Then run the IDM Universal Web Crack and follow above steps from step 3.Download Links
Internet Download Manager latest official setup
IDM 6.25 build 14 Setup + Universal Web Crack V4.rar (8.4 MB) / Mirrors
IDM Universal Web Crack V4.rar (1.9 MB) / Mirrors
IDM 6.25 build 14 Manual Crack.rar (1.3 MB) / Mirror (if crack didn’t work/windows xp users)
Universal Web Crack V4 Changelog
- Under-the-hood web serial key fetching for up-to-date serial keys
- Completely new and faster updater engine
- Direct crack mode to release faster crack updates (we know we did late updates, but there’ll be no more late updates with the new method)
- Improved registry cracking to fix all the fake serial key issues (yup there will be no more fake serial key issues with this + web key fetch method)
- Improved version detection of IDM installation with multiple methods (no more wrong version detection)
- New windows 8 theme with auto applying
- Reduced file size
- Many many bug fixes
Notes and Info
- do not delete update.bin file as it is needed to function the crack. In case if you delete it, crack it re-download the missing files once opened
- perfect cracking will be done once, you get all three ticks in green or purple in the crack status (purple tick means direct crack mode active)
- if a new crack version release becomes late, you will see a notice about it in the bottom of crack
- Click Read Me button in crack to get information about all the functions in Crack App.
- No, you cannot remove that smiley face comes after registration name
- Crack is 100% clean. Virus guards may act made mad as it modifies IDM installation registry values.
WinRAR All Version Universal Crack [Latest][Final+Beta Crack]
WinRAR is a powerful archive manager. It can backup your data and reduce the size of email attachments, decompress RAR, ZIP and other files downloaded from Internet and create new archives in RAR and ZIP file format. Over 500 million users worldwide make WinRAR the world’s most popular compression tool today. There is no better way to compress files for efficient and secure file transfer, faster e-mail transmission and well organized data storage.
Features
WinRAR is a powerful software compression tool with a host of integrated additional functions to help you organize your compressed files, folders and archives.New functionality updates of WinRAR and RAR are available for free downloading several times each year.
WinRAR allows you to easily split archives into separate volumes, making it possible to save them on several disks, or to send a large file in several parts
How To Crack?
Download WinRAR Setup and Key From Given LinkInstall Winrar Normally (skip step 1 &2 If Already)
Download crack and run click crack it will crack full program
That’s It ! Enjoy Full Version !
Crack Only(187 KB) or Mirror
WinRar latest Official Setup
Final Version
Winrar 5.31 Final 32 Bit Setup (1.7 MB) or Mirror
Winrar 5.31 Final 64 Bit Setup (1.9 MB) or Mirror
It will work final and beta for both version (Upcoming & Old)
Crack is only for windows .
Licence type- Unlimited Company Licence !
Other licence option will be add soon (Crack in under development).
Note– Please insure installation directry of winrar it must be installed in C drive because crack is programed only for C Drive (C:\Program Files\WinRAR).
WinRar latest Official Setup
Final Version
Winrar 5.31 Final 32 Bit Setup (1.7 MB) or Mirror
Winrar 5.31 Final 64 Bit Setup (1.9 MB) or Mirror
About Crack
Crack Is Working With All Version Include Upcoming Version & Old Version Of Winrar.It will work final and beta for both version (Upcoming & Old)
Crack is only for windows .
Licence type- Unlimited Company Licence !
Other licence option will be add soon (Crack in under development).
Note– Please insure installation directry of winrar it must be installed in C drive because crack is programed only for C Drive (C:\Program Files\WinRAR).